Summary of Yoshino’s story and the battery he invented

 ( by Bard)

The video you linked to is an episode of the NHK WORLD TV program "Japan's Top Inventions." This episode focuses on the invention of the lithium-ion battery by Yoshino Akira.

Yoshino was a researcher at a major chemical company in Japan. He was struggling to develop a new product when he came across polyacetylene, a new material with unique properties. Yoshino realized that polyacetylene could be used to create a rechargeable battery that was smaller and lighter than existing batteries.

Yoshino spent several years researching and developing the lithium-ion battery. He faced many challenges, including finding a suitable material for the cathode and ensuring that the battery was safe. In 1985, Yoshino finally developed a lithium-ion battery that was both small and safe.

Yoshino's invention revolutionized the battery industry. Lithium-ion batteries are now used in a wide range of products, including smartphones, laptops, and electric cars. Yoshino's work has had a major impact on our lives and has helped to make the world a more sustainable place.

The video also includes an interview with Yoshino, in which he talks about his work on the lithium-ion battery. He also talks about his inspiration for the invention and the challenges he faced.

Here is a summary of the video:

• Yoshino Akira was a researcher at a major chemical company in Japan.
• He was struggling to develop a new product when he came across polyacetylene, a new material with unique properties.
• Yoshino realized that polyacetylene could be used to create a rechargeable battery that was smaller and lighter than existing batteries.
• Yoshino spent several years researching and developing the lithium-ion battery.
• He faced many challenges, including finding a suitable material for the cathode and ensuring that the battery was safe.
• In 1985, Yoshino finally developed a lithium-ion battery that was both small and safe.
• Yoshino's invention revolutionized the battery industry.
• Lithium-ion batteries are now used in a wide range of products, including smartphones, laptops, and electric cars.
• Yoshino's work has had a major impact on our lives and has helped to make the world a more sustainable place.

這部影片是NHK WORLD TV節目《日本最棒的發明》的一集。這一集的重點是吉野彰發明的鋰離子電池。

吉野是一位日本大型化學公司的研究員。當他遇到一種具有獨特性能的新材料聚乙炔時，他正在努力開發一種新產品。吉野意識到，聚乙炔可以用來製造一種比現有電池更小更輕的充電電池。

吉野花了幾年的時間研究和開發鋰離子電池。他面臨許多挑戰，包括找到合適的陰極材料和確保電池的安全。1985年，吉野終於開發出既小又安全的鋰離子電池。

吉野的發明徹底改變了電池行業。鋰離子電池現在被廣泛用於各種產品中，包括智慧型手機、筆記本電腦和電動汽車。吉野的工作對我們的日常生活產生了重大影響，並幫助世界變得更加可持續。

影片還包括對吉野的採訪，他在採訪中談到了他對鋰離子電池的研究工作。他還談到了他發明的靈感和他面臨的挑戰。

以下是影片的總結：

• 吉野彰是一位日本大型化學公司的研究員。
• 當他遇到一種具有獨特性能的新材料聚乙炔時，他正在努力開發一種新產品。
• 吉野意識到，聚乙炔可以用來製造一種比現有電池更小更輕的充電電池。
• 吉野花了幾年的時間研究和開發鋰離子電池。
• 他面臨許多挑戰，包括找到合適的陰極材料和確保電池的安全。
• 1985年，吉野終於開發出既小又安全的鋰離子電池。
• 吉野的發明徹底改變了電池行業。
• 鋰離子電池現在被廣泛用於各種產品中，包括智慧型手機、筆記本電腦和電動汽車。
• 吉野的工作對我們的日常生活產生了重大影響，並幫助世界變得更加可持續。

預告 學習成效自我檢測 Solar flare 10/25

測試範圍 solar flares 

課程網站 http://minstral.blogspot.com/2023/10/solar-flares.html?m=1

建議將太陽閃焰影片再看一次，自我檢視單字是否較為熟悉，內容較為了解。

以下是一些建議你在看影片時可以注意的事項：

• 注意影片中出現的關鍵字和術語，並查找其單字與意思。
• 嘗試理解太陽閃焰的形成過程和影響。
• 思考太陽閃焰對地球可能的影響。

我相信通過仔細看影片並進行自我檢視，你可以對太陽閃焰有更深入的了解。

以下是一些你可能會遇到的挑戰：

• 影片中可能出現一些你不熟悉的單字或術語。
• 太陽閃焰的形成過程可能比較複雜，需要花費一些時間才能理解。

請盡力克服這些挑戰，並在看影片後學習更多科技英文的運用並體驗科普的傳播方式。

Lithium ion batteries

Watch the video Lithium ion battery 19:00 with transcript, by NHK, starting from 1:13

Summary of the story 

學習成效自我檢測 Self Evaluation

Vocabulary 字彙

Anode 陽極

The word "anode" comes from the Greek words "ana" (up) and "hodos" (way). First used by Michael Faraday in 19th century.

Cathode 陰極

The word "cathode" comes from the Greek words "kata" (down) and "hodos" (way).

Lithium 鋰

Cobalt 鈷

Polyacetylene 聚乙炔

Carbon fiber 碳纖維

Alma mater 母校

The word "alma mater" comes from the Latin words "alma," meaning "nourishing," and "mater," meaning "mother."

Nobel prize 若貝爾獎

Kyoto university 京都大學

Prototype 雛形，原型

測試一下字彙

Here are fill-in-the-blank quiz questions and answers based on the vocabulary words:

Questions:

1. The ________ is the positively charged electrode in a battery.
2. The ________ is the negatively charged electrode in a battery.
3. ________ is a soft, silvery-white metallic element used in lithium-ion batteries.
4. ________ is a hard lustrous gray metal found in lithium-ion batteries.
5. Your ________ is the university where you obtained your highest degree.
6. The ________ Prize is one of the most prestigious awards given for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, medicine, literature, peace, and economics.
7. ________ University is one of the oldest universities in Kansai, Japan.
8. Before mass production, companies will often test a ________, which is an early sample or model of a product.

解答 

Answers: anode, cathode, lithium, cobalt, alma mater, Nobel, Kyoto, prototype

Part 1

選擇影片中的用字 Select  words used in the video clip. 

1. Innovative, novel, unseen
2. Pressure, oppressed, impressionable 
3. Dependable, accountable, responsible 
4. Difficult, demanding, challenging 
5. Discover, uncover, reveal

Word root analysis:

Portable, port + able, carry + able

Import, im + port, in + port

Export, ex + port

Transport, trans + port, across + carry

Cathode, kata + hodos, down + ways

陰極

Catalyst, kata + lysis, down + loosening/dissolution

催化劑

Analysis, ana + lysis, up + loosening

分析

Paralysis, para + lysis, beside + loosening 

癱瘓

Paralympics, para + olympics 

帕運

Parachute, para + chute, beside + fall

降落傘

Reference 

Part 2

選擇影片中的用字 Select  words used in the video clip.

1. Susceptible, suspicious, surrendered 
2. Aspire, perspire, inspire 
3. Portable, export, transport 
4. Soak, submerge, immerse
5. Engage, commit, devote

Aspiration, a + spire, on + breathe, desire (desire to achieve something great or important)

Perspiration, per+ spire, through + breathe ( breathe through the pores), sweat 

Inspiration, in + spire, in + breathe

Intercept, inter + cept, between + take

Susceptible, sub + cept, under + take

Concept, con+ cept, in + take

• • 
    

AI Assisted Self Test

Self test of vocabulary: Lithium ion battery

Self test of comprehension: Lithium Ion Battery

Solid state lithium battery

   source: SCIENCE ADVANCES 27 Jul 2022 Vol 8, Issue 30 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq0153

• 
  

英語發展歷史

 以下ChatGPT 的回答是否正確

英文屬於日耳曼語系，但是有大量單字來自拉丁文和希臘文，我很好奇為什麼，於是我問了 ChatGPT, 它給了我以下答案，請問這些答案錯在哪裡？

「英文屬於日耳曼語系，但是有大量單字來自拉丁文和希臘文，主要是因為英國在歷史上接觸過羅馬帝國和希臘文化。

在公元前55年至公元410年間，羅馬帝國統治了大部分英國地區，這段時期英國接觸到了拉丁文和羅馬文化，並從中學習了許多單詞和詞彙。例如，英文中的“doctor”、“hospital”、“library”等單詞就是源自拉丁文。

此外，在中世紀時期，基督教在英國逐漸傳播，拉丁文也成為教會語言，許多宗教相關的單詞和詞彙也隨之進入英文。例如，“baptism”、“faith”和“priest”等單詞就是源自拉丁文。

希臘文也對英文有影響。在文藝復興時期，英國開始接觸希臘文化，許多文學和科學著作也是由希臘語翻譯成英語。例如，“democracy”、“philosophy”和“geography”等單詞就是源自希臘文。

總之，英文中有大量來自拉丁文和希臘文的單詞，主要是因為英國在歷史上與羅馬帝國和希臘文化有接觸，並從中學習了許多詞彙和單詞。」

Solar flares

Solar flares 15:00 video clip w/ transcript, credit by NHK

Vocabulary 字彙

Solar flares 太陽閃焰

Sunspot 太陽黑子

Corona 日冕

Hydrogen 氫

Cosmic radiation 宇宙輻射

Solar wind, magnetic storm 太陽風

Ionosphere 電離層

Magnetic line 磁力線

X ray X光

Ultraviolet 紫外線

Radio waves 無線電波

——————-

Part 1 （introduction) 

Quiz (introduction)

Words in the episode. Select one word in each item.

1. Disaster, catastrophe, devastation 
2. Shell, facade, surface 
3. Launch, initiation, commence 
4. Glitch, breakdown, malfunction 
5. Accident, incident, coincidence 

Disaster, dis + astro, ill + star (Greek)

Malevolent astral influence 

Accident, a+ cident, to+ fall

Incident, in+ cident, into+ fall

Malfunction 

Mal: bad, unpleasant , unsuccessful, imperfect 

Tremendously, tremere (Latin), tremble, terrible 

Forty percent of the population is suffering from malnutrition.

The animals were seriously maltreated.

Part 2

Quiz (observatory)

Words in the episode. Select one word in each item.

1. Enigma, mysterious, intriguing 
2. Enormously, exceptionally, tremendously
3. Astrology, astronomy, asteroid 
4. Oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen 

Astronomy, Astro + nomos, star + law/arrangement 

autonomy, auto + nomos, self +  law/arrangement

Astrology, astro + logos, star + study

biology, bio + logos, life + study

Geology, geo + logos, earth + study

Tremendous, tremere (to quake) + ous

(Something) that is to be trembled at.

Hydrogen, hydro + gen, water + gen

Part 3

Quiz (monitoring)

Words in the episode. Select one word in each item.

1. Ionosphere, stratosphere, troposphere
2. Reject, inject, eject 
3. Corona, aurora, crown 
4. Outage, breakout, breakdown 
5. Infrastructure, facilities, civil

Ionosphere , 60-1000 km above earth, free electrons and charged particles 

Eject, e + ject , out + throw

Reject, back + ject, back + throw 

Subject, sub + ject, under + throw

Inject, in + ject, in + throw

Project, pro+ ject, forward+ throw

Trajectory, trans + ject+ ory , across + throw

IV injection, intravenous injection 

E as a prefix 

External

Exodus 

Exit

Paralyze, para+ lysis, besides+ loosening (Greek)

Analyze, ana + lysis, throughout + loosening (Greek)

Infrastructure, infra+ structure, under+ structure 

Destroy, de+ stroy, de+ structure 

Part 4

Quiz (physics)

Words in the episode. Select one word in each item.

1. Interrupt, disrupt, abrupt

2. Resolutions, reconnection, reconciliation 

3. Massive, huge, paramount

4. Correct, exact, accurate 

5. Vigilant, watchful, alert

Predict, pre + dict, before+ say

Dictate, say repeatedly 

Dictator 

Dictionary 

Disrupt, dis+ rupt, apart+ rumpere (break)

Interrupt, inter + rupt, between + rumpere ( break)

Erupt , e + rupt, out+ rumpere (burst)

The volcano erupted, sending ash and lava into the air.

• Self test of vocabulary: Solar Flares
• Self test of comprehension: Solar flares

Tips for English conversation 2

我的母校是中原大學 英文怎麼說

My mother school is CYCU. 

Alma Mater

你做到了 英文怎麼說

You succeeded.

You did it.

You made it.

你辛苦了 英文怎麼說

You worked so hard.

Thanks for your great efforts. I really appreciate.

————

這門課很好玩 英文怎麼說

The class is funny.

This class is interesting.

This class is fantastic.

This class is fun.

我對鋼彈有興趣 英文怎麼說

I take interest in gundam.

I am interested in gundam.

I am a fan of gundam.

演唱會票賣完了 英文怎麼說

No concert tickets any more. 對嗎

The concert is sold out.

The opera is fantastic. We have a full house tonight.

這款筆電賣完了 英文怎麼說

We did not this model any more. 

This model is out of stock.

This model is sold out.

台灣之光  英文應該怎麼說

Chien Ming Wang is a light oh Taiwan. 對嗎？

• Taiwanese athletes are the pride of Taiwan. 台灣運動員是台灣之光。
• The Taiwan High Speed Rail is the pride of Taiwan. 台灣高鐵是台灣的榮光。

在正式場合，建議使用「the pride of Taiwan」。

__

 請人家借過一下

• 錯誤使用 "I am sorry" 來表達輕微的歉意，而不是更合適的 "Excuse me"

回應別人對你的感謝

• 錯誤使用 "No problem" 來回應 "Thank you"，而不是更常見的 "You're welcome."

小菜一碟 英文怎麼說

• **錯誤句子：** a small dish
• **正確句子：**a piece of cake

喝湯 英文怎麼說

• **錯誤句子：**I drink soup.
• **正確句子：**I eat soup.

開燈 英文怎麼說

• **錯誤句子：**Open the light.
• **正確句子：**Turn on the light.