星期五, 1月 17, 2025

evolution of "hundred" across Indo-European languages

 

Evolution of the word "hundred" in Indo-European languages *ḱm̥tóm Proto-Indo-European *hundaredą Proto-Germanic *sъto Proto-Slavic *kantom Proto-Celtic *ćatám Proto-Indo-Iranian hundred English Hundert German hundra Swedish сто (sto) Russian sto Polish céad Irish cant Welsh शत (śata) Sanskrit صد (sad) Persian सौ (sau) Hindi centum Latin cent French ciento Spanish Major sound changes: Germanic: *ḱ → h (Grimm's Law) Slavic: *ḱ → s (RUKI rule) Celtic: *ḱ → k diagram by Assistant
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星期五, 1月 10, 2025

ARCS

A Attention R Relevance C Confidence S Satisfaction ARCS ARCS Motivation Model Attention 注意力 • 感知激發 • 探究激發 • 變化性 Relevance 相關性 • 目標導向 • 動機匹配 • 情境連結 Confidence 自信心 • 學習要求 • 成功機會 • 個人掌控 Satisfaction 滿意度 • 內在強化 • 外在獎勵 • 公平性 ARCS Model 動機設計模型 Keller's ARCS Model of Motivational Design 應用於教學設計與學習策略發展
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星期五, 1月 03, 2025

Running motion of both Lucy and a modern human, with their different speeds and gaits.

Lucy vs Modern Human Running Speed Comparison Speed (km/h) 0 15.3 36 Lucy 15.3 km/h max Modern Human Up to 36 km/h Key Differences: - Longer legs - More efficient muscles - Better running endurance 3.2M years ago Present Slow Motion Running Analysis Detailed comparison of biomechanical differences Lucy (A. afarensis) Height: ~110cm, Max Speed: 15.3 km/h Modern Human Height: ~170cm, Max Speed: up to 36 km/h Movement Analysis: • Lucy: Shorter stride length, more vertical oscillation • Modern: Longer stride, more efficient energy transfer • Note pelvis rotation differences • Observe arm swing variations
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光合作用 dynamic process of the light-dependent and light-independent reactions

光系統II 細胞色素 光系統I ATP合成酶 2H₂O → O₂ + 4H⁺ + 4e⁻ NADP⁺ + H⁺ → NADPH ADP + Pi → ATP 類囊體腔（高H⁺） 基質（低H⁺） Carbon Fixation Reduction Regeneration RuBP CO₂ 3-PGA G3P ATP NADPH Glucose Rubisco GAPDH PRK +ATP +NADPH
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