星期五, 1月 03, 2025

Running motion of both Lucy and a modern human, with their different speeds and gaits.

Lucy vs Modern Human Running Speed Comparison Speed (km/h) 0 15.3 36 Lucy 15.3 km/h max Modern Human Up to 36 km/h Key Differences: - Longer legs - More efficient muscles - Better running endurance 3.2M years ago Present Slow Motion Running Analysis Detailed comparison of biomechanical differences Lucy (A. afarensis) Height: ~110cm, Max Speed: 15.3 km/h Modern Human Height: ~170cm, Max Speed: up to 36 km/h Movement Analysis: • Lucy: Shorter stride length, more vertical oscillation • Modern: Longer stride, more efficient energy transfer • Note pelvis rotation differences • Observe arm swing variations
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光合作用 dynamic process of the light-dependent and light-independent reactions

光系統II 細胞色素 光系統I ATP合成酶 2H₂O → O₂ + 4H⁺ + 4e⁻ NADP⁺ + H⁺ → NADPH ADP + Pi → ATP 類囊體腔（高H⁺） 基質（低H⁺） Carbon Fixation Reduction Regeneration RuBP CO₂ 3-PGA G3P ATP NADPH Glucose Rubisco GAPDH PRK +ATP +NADPH
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