Solar flares

Solar flares 15:00 video clip w/ transcript, credit by NHK

Vocabulary 字彙

Solar flares 太陽閃焰

Sunspot 太陽黑子

Corona 日冕

Hydrogen 氫

Cosmic radiation 宇宙輻射

Solar wind, magnetic storm 太陽風

Ionosphere 電離層

Magnetic line 磁力線

X ray X光

Ultraviolet 紫外線

Radio waves 無線電波

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Part 1 （introduction) 

Quiz (introduction)

Words in the episode. Select one word in each item.

1. Disaster, catastrophe, devastation 
2. Shell, facade, surface 
3. Launch, initiation, commence 
4. Glitch, breakdown, malfunction 
5. Accident, incident, coincidence 

Disaster, dis + astro, ill + star (Greek)

Malevolent astral influence 

Accident, a+ cident, to+ fall

Incident, in+ cident, into+ fall

Malfunction 

Mal: bad, unpleasant , unsuccessful, imperfect 

Tremendously, tremere (Latin), tremble, terrible 

Forty percent of the population is suffering from malnutrition.

The animals were seriously maltreated.

Part 2

Quiz (observatory)

Words in the episode. Select one word in each item.

1. Enigma, mysterious, intriguing 
2. Enormously, exceptionally, tremendously
3. Astrology, astronomy, asteroid 
4. Oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen 

Astronomy, Astro + nomos, star + law/arrangement 

autonomy, auto + nomos, self +  law/arrangement

Astrology, astro + logos, star + study

biology, bio + logos, life + study

Geology, geo + logos, earth + study

Tremendous, tremere (to quake) + ous

(Something) that is to be trembled at.

Hydrogen, hydro + gen, water + gen

Part 3

Quiz (monitoring)

Words in the episode. Select one word in each item.

1. Ionosphere, stratosphere, troposphere
2. Reject, inject, eject 
3. Corona, aurora, crown 
4. Outage, breakout, breakdown 
5. Infrastructure, facilities, civil

Ionosphere , 60-1000 km above earth, free electrons and charged particles 

Eject, e + ject , out + throw

Reject, back + ject, back + throw 

Subject, sub + ject, under + throw

Inject, in + ject, in + throw

Project, pro+ ject, forward+ throw

Trajectory, trans + ject+ ory , across + throw

IV injection, intravenous injection 

E as a prefix 

External

Exodus 

Exit

Paralyze, para+ lysis, besides+ loosening (Greek)

Analyze, ana + lysis, throughout + loosening (Greek)

Infrastructure, infra+ structure, under+ structure 

Destroy, de+ stroy, de+ structure 

Part 4

Quiz (physics)

Words in the episode. Select one word in each item.

1. Interrupt, disrupt, abrupt

2. Resolutions, reconnection, reconciliation 

3. Massive, huge, paramount

4. Correct, exact, accurate 

5. Vigilant, watchful, alert

Predict, pre + dict, before+ say

Dictate, say repeatedly 

Dictator 

Dictionary 

Disrupt, dis+ rupt, apart+ rumpere (break)

Interrupt, inter + rupt, between + rumpere ( break)

Erupt , e + rupt, out+ rumpere (burst)

The volcano erupted, sending ash and lava into the air.

• Self test of vocabulary: Solar Flares
• Self test of comprehension: Solar flares